Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science

Identification and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Commercial and Indigenous Biological Control Methods

Ecuador Tadesse — Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

We were able to identify three native biological controllers for the white scale, two predators and one parasitoid, which were N. cordillera, N. titan, and Plagiomerus sp., respectively. The percentage of predation efficiency of N. cordillera and the two commercial controllers was compared for a period of 24 hours, and according to the results it can be concluded that Nacarina cordillera, a native species, is much more efficient than the commercial controllers. This is most likely due to a better ecological adaptation to the environment, compared to imported controllers that originated in a temperate climate. Therefore, reproduction of populations of Nacarina is recommended, because they have a high potential to control the pest. One might think that N. cordillera also has a high commercial potential for the control of other scale species in the American tropics.

Evaluation of Acceptable Yield for Potato Tuber Genotypes Based on Specific Processing Traits

Raphael Butler Chepken — Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In Uganda few studies have characterized processing attributes on dry matter content and other morphological attributes among genotype sets, and limited reports on reducing sugars as Nuwamanya et al., only quantified reducing sugars on only 3 released potato varieties. The limited research focus on tuber processing qualities has led to a demand deficit for potato varieties to serve the potato industry. It’s against this background, that this study was undertaken to determine the phenotypic variation among 30 potato genotypes on the basis of desirable tuber processing attributes (dry matter content and reducing sugars) so as to characterize and identify potential parental genotypes for future breeding purposes.

A Good Material for Effectively Removing a Variety of Pollutants in Sewage: Single-Phase Cr2O3 Nanoparticles

Frankline Rybchynskyi — Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Simple and room temperature synthesis of single phased Cr2O3 nanoparticles was achieved by using Calotropis gigentea ethanolic leaves extract. The prepared NPs were exploited as potential material for water treatment applications to remove multiple natured contaminants which occur in water simultaneously and earlier required various multifold treatments for their effective removal. The adsorption studies conducted without involving any stringent experimental parameters resulted in considerable high removal rates for all the contaminants i.e. direct yellow 24 dye, bifenthrin, dioctyl phthalate and S. aureus microbes. The maximum adsorption occurs in just 15-20min at room temperature making the prepared NPs a good material for effective and multiple contaminants removal from polluted water.

Study on the Best Surface Sterilization Method of Acacia

Elisha Dimabo Davis — Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Propagation of this species has been carried out mainly from seed. However, seed collected from Acacia hybrid trees is highly variable. Therefore, plant tissue culture technology has a potential to overcome this problem where it allows efficient and rapid clonal propagation of many economically important species, especially Acacia hybrid. A sterilization is one of the most important steps in tissue culture. The aim of this work was to examine the optimal kind and concentration of surface sterilization method and establish an efficient propagation system for Acacia hybrid using tissue culture technique. In this work, we studied a surface sterilization methodology and in vitro propagation of A. hybrid. In vitro propagation of the Acacia hybrid using tissue culture technique have an importance for genetic engineering work, bioenergy research and forestry industry in Thailand.

Continuing Environmental Effects of Antibiotics Used in Livestock Farms

Asinyetogha Kipchumba — Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The overuse of antibiotics to counteract animal diseases and in arable farming, such as the utilization of manure and bio solids as fertilizers and the use of reclaimed water, have been significantly contributing to the environmental contamination from antibiotics and to the selection of antibiotic resistance genes. The selection and transmission of ARGs, which give resistance bacteria (ARB) the ability to overcome the effects of antibiotics, is a phenomenon well known in hospitals, where antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria can persist and infect patients in the nosocomial environment in different ways.

Study on Optimal Spawning Materials for Honeybee Colonies

Gauharay Ogueri — Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In S. collaris, females highly preferred craft paper over other materials. Without any oviposition materials, eggs were laid on container surface, such as lid and sidewall. A similar observation was found in Coleomegilla maculate. Muslin gauze covered on container lid was used as an oviposition substrate in mass rearing of P. plagipennis. Although there was no evidence about S.collaris oviposition site selection in the literature, it appeared from the present study that sites with air ventilation and ability to adhere to eggmass were hypothesized to explain why S. collaris chose craft paper and rearing container lid as oviposition sites rather than plastic ones under laboratory conditions.